Agricultural imports face India's highest duty rates — many products carry BCD of 30–100%+ — plus mandatory phytosanitary, FSSAI, and quarantine clearances. Understanding which crops are restricted, which have quota-based access, and how to get advance PQIS clearance is critical for agri importers.

Key Regulators for Agricultural Imports

AuthorityRoleDocument
Plant Quarantine and Inspection Service (PQIS)Plant health inspection; phytosanitary clearancePhytosanitary certificate from origin; PQIS clearance at port
FSSAIFood safety for all food items including agricultural produceFSSAI NOC
APEDAOversees quality and some quota managementAPEDA registration for some categories
Department of AgricultureImport policy and STE (State Trading Enterprise) channelsImport license if restricted

Agricultural Duty Rates — India

ProductBCDIGSTImport Policy
Wheat50%0%Canalized (FCI only)
Rice40–80%0%Restricted/Free depending on variety
Edible oils (crude)100%5%Free
Edible oils (refined)100%5%Free
Cotton (raw)0–10%5%Free
Apples50%12%Free
Cashew nuts0–75%5%Free
Pulses (lentils, chickpeas)0–30%0%Free / STE depending

Phytosanitary Certificate Requirements

All plant and plant-origin imports need a phytosanitary certificate from the National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) of the exporting country, attesting:

  • Goods are free from specified pests and diseases
  • Compliance with India's import conditions for that species
  • Treatment applied (if required) — e.g., methyl bromide fumigation

At Indian ports, PQIS officers inspect and may retain samples for testing. Non-compliant consignments face fumigation at importer's cost or re-export/destruction.

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Frequently asked questions

Phytosanitary certificate from origin country, FSSAI NOC for food items, PQIS clearance at port of entry, and compliance with India's import conditions. Some crops also need DGFT import license.

Crude edible oils: BCD 100% + IGST 5%. Refined oils: BCD 100% + IGST 5%. Very high protection for domestic oilseed farmers; rates change frequently based on availability.